Buchenwald | Concentration Camp, Definition, …

main gate of Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, one of the biggest of the Nazi concentration camps established on German soil. Its name means "beech forest" in German, and it stood on a …

Vegetarianism | History, Types, & Facts | Britannica

vegetarianism, the theory or practice of living solely upon vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, and nuts —with or without the addition of milk products and eggs —generally for ethical, ascetic, environmental, or nutritional reasons. All forms of flesh (meat, fowl, and seafood) are excluded from all vegetarian diets, but many vegetarians ...

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Definition, Facts,

On January 9, 1943, Heinrich Himmler, the chief of the SS (the Nazi paramilitary corps), visited the Warsaw ghetto. He ordered the deportation of another 8,000 Jews. The January deportations caught the …

The SS

Locomotive | Definition, History, Design, Types, & Facts | Britannica

locomotive, any of various self-propelled vehicles used for hauling railroad cars on tracks. Although motive power for a train-set can be incorporated into a car that also has passenger, baggage, or freight accommodations, it most often is provided by a separate unit, the locomotive, which includes the machinery to generate (or, in the case of ...

Enigma | Definition, Machine, History, Alan …

The Enigma code was first broken by the Poles, under the leadership of mathematician Marian Rejewski, in the early 1930s. In 1939, with the growing likelihood of a German invasion, the Poles turned their …

SS | History, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica | Google Docs: …

SS (abbreviation of Schutzstaffel [German: 'Protective Echelon']), the black-uniformed elite corps and self-described 'political soldiers' of the Nazi Party. Founded by Adolf Hitler in 1925 as a small personal bodyguard, the SS grew with and success the the Nazi movement and became virtually a set within a state.

Lusitania | History, Sinking, Facts, & Significance | Britannica

Lusitania. Lusitania, British ocean liner, the sinking of which by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, contributed indirectly to the entry of the United States into World War I. Lusitania. The Lusitania, which was owned by the Cunard Line, was built to compete for the highly lucrative transatlantic passenger trade.

Operation Barbarossa | History, Summary, Combatants

Operation Barbarossa, during World War II, code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. The failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces in the campaign signaled a crucial turning point in the war. Learn more about Operation Barbarossa in this article.

Roma | People, Meaning, History, Language, Lifestyle, & Facts

Many Roma refer to themselves by one generic name, Rom (meaning "man" or "husband"), and to all non-Roma by the term Gadje (also spelled Gadze or Gaje; a term with a pejorative connotation meaning "bumpkin," "yokel," or "barbarian"). The group is known by a variety of names throughout Europe—including Zigeuner and Sinti ...

Holocaust | Definition, Concentration Camps, History, & Facts | Britannica

Holocaust, Hebrew Shoʾah ("Catastrophe"), Yiddish and Hebrew Ḥurban ("Destruction"), the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question.".

Anschluss | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

Anschluss, German: "Union", political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938. Mooted in 1919 by Austria, Anschluss with Germany remained a hope (chiefly with Austrian Social Democrats) during 1919–33, after which Hitler's rise to power made it less attractive. Adolf Hitler.

Ss History Meaning Facts Britannica | Alvindayu

SS | History, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica Apr 25, 2023 By 1939 the SS, now numbering about 250,000 men, had become a massive and labyrinthian bureaucracy, divided …

SA | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

SA, abbreviation of Sturmabteilung (German: "Assault Division"), byname Storm Troopers or Brownshirts, German Sturmtruppen or Braunhemden, in the German Nazi Party, a …

Third Reich | Facts & History | Britannica

Aug. 22, 2023, 10:39 PM ET (Washington Post) Third Reich; Nürnberg Rally. Third Reich, official Nazi designation for the regime in Germany from January 1933 to May 1945, as the presumed successor of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806 (the First Reich) and the German Empire of 1871 to 1918 (the …

Dinosaur | Definition, Types, Pictures, Videos, & Facts | Britannica

dinosaur, (clade Dinosauria), the common name given to a group of reptiles, often very large, that first appeared roughly 245 million years ago (near the beginning of the Middle Triassic Epoch) and thrived worldwide for nearly 180 million years. Most died out by the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 66 million years ago, but many lines of ...

Nationalism | Definition, History, Examples, Principles, & Facts

nationalism, ideology based on the premise that the individual's loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests. This article discusses the origins and history of nationalism to the 1980s. For later developments in the history of nationalism, see 20th-century international relations; European Union; and ...

Socialism | Definition, History, Types, Examples, & Facts | Britannica …

socialism, social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. According to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another. Furthermore, everything that people produce is in some sense a social product, and ...

Nazi Party | Definition, Meaning, History, & Facts | Britannica

Nazi Party, byname of National Socialist German Workers' Party, German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party came to power in Germany in 1933 and governed by totalitarian methods until 1945.

Saint Valentine | Facts, Patron Saint Of, Feast Day, History, …

St. Valentine, (died 3rd century, Rome; feast day February 14), name of one or two legendary Christian martyrs whose lives seem to be historically based. Although the Roman Catholic Church continues to recognize St. Valentine as a saint of the church, he was removed from the General Roman Calendar in 1969 because of the lack of reliable ...

MS St. Louis | History, Summary, & Facts | Britannica

MS St. Louis, in full Motorschiff St. Louis, also called SS St. Louis, German ocean liner that gained international attention in May–June 1939 when Cuba, the United States, and Canada denied entry to its more than 900 Jewish passengers, most of whom had fled Nazi Germany. Ultimately, several European countries took the refugees, though 255 of ...

History | Definition & Discipline | Britannica

history, discipline that studies the chronological record of events, usually attempting, on the basis of a critical examination of source materials, to explain events. For the principal treatment of the writing of history, and the scholarly research associated with it, see historiography. There are many branches of the study of history, among ...

Odyssey | Summary, Characters, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica

The poem is the story of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who wanders for 10 years (although the action of the poem covers only the final six weeks) trying to get home after the Trojan War. On his return, he is recognized only by his faithful dog and a nurse. With the help of his son, Telemachus, Odysseus destroys the insistent suitors of his faithful ...

Freedmen's Bureau | History & Facts | Britannica

Freedmen's Bureau, (1865–72), during the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War, popular name for the U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, established by Congress to provide …

Einsatzgruppen | Facts, Definition, & Role in the Holocaust | Britannica

In preparation for the invasion of Poland in September 1939, Reichsführer SS and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler, under Adolf Hitler 's authority, established the Einsatzgruppen for the purpose of combating suspected enemies of the German state behind the front lines. Ultimately, seven Einsatzgruppen, totaling 4,250 …

History of film | Summary, Industry, History, & Facts | Britannica

history of film, also called history of the motion picture, history of cinema, a popular form of mass media, from the 19th century to the present. (Read Martin Scorsese's Britannica essay on film preservation.) Early years, 1830–1910 Origins. The illusion of films is based on the optical phenomena known as persistence of vision and …

Anti-Semitism | History, Meaning, Facts,

Show More. anti-Semitism, ( see Researcher's Note) hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group. The term anti-Semitism was coined in 1879 by the German agitator …

Ss History Meaning Facts Britannica | Alvindayu

Result for: Ss History Meaning Facts Britannica. #TOC Daftar Isi SS | History, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica. Apr 25, 2023 By 1939 the SS, now numbering about 250,000 men, had become a massive and labyrinthian bureaucracy, divided mainly into two groups: the Allgemeine-SS (General SS) and the Waffen-SS (Armed SS). ...

Mississippi | Capital, Population, Map, History, & Facts | Britannica

Jackson, Miss., U.S. Mississippi. Mississippi, constituent state of the United States of America. Its name derives from a Native American word meaning "great waters" or "father of waters.". Mississippi became the 20th state of the union in 1817. Jackson is the state capital. Mississippi, U.S.: Longwood mansion.

Normandy Invasion | Definition, Map, Photos, Casualties, & Facts

Explore facts and statistics about the Normandy Invasion of June 6, 1944. Normandy Invasion, also called Operation Overlord or D-Day, during World War II, the Allied invasion of western Europe, which was launched on June 6, 1944 (the most celebrated D-Day of the war), with the simultaneous landing of U.S., British, and …

Racism | Definition, History, Laws, & Facts | Britannica

racism, also called racialism, the belief that humans may be divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called "races"; that there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural and behavioral features; and that some races are innately superior to others.

Sulfur | Definition, Element, Symbol, Uses, & Facts | Britannica

sulfur crystals. sulfur (S), also spelled sulphur, nonmetallic chemical element belonging to the oxygen group (Group 16 [VIa] of the periodic table), one of the most reactive of the elements. Pure sulfur is a tasteless, odourless, brittle solid that is pale yellow in colour, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization | History, Structure

ACT is headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. During the alliance's first 20 years, more than $3 billion worth of "infrastructure" for NATO forces—bases, airfields, pipelines, communications networks, depots—was jointly planned, financed, and built, with about one-third of the funding from the United States.

Heinrich Himmler | Biography, Crimes, Death, & Facts | Britannica

Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi politician, police administrator, and military commander who became the second most powerful man in the Third Reich. He was the head of the SS (Schutzstaffel; 'Protective Echelon'), the 'political soldiers' of the Nazi Party. Learn more about Himmler in this article.